Animal studies have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus
Inclusion of a statement regarding “precautionary measures during pregnancy” for the head lice indication
Researchers studied the potential developmental effects of oral exposure to permethrin in pregnant rats
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)–approved insect repellants have been strongly recommended for use during
Authoring team
2 million births in Sydney over two decades has shown a strong association between the
Pregnancy Considerations: Permethrin has not been shown to cause human risk and has been in the former FDA pregnancy category B
5 mg/L for 4-h inhalation in rats, and 2000 mg/kg after 48 h for dermal exposure in rabbits
Average levels in breastmilk ranged from 8
Levels of α-cypermethrin and permethrin in maternal serum of pregnant mice after exposure GD6-16
Means and standard deviations of each pyrethroid are represented on a logarithmic scale (left) and proportional to the dose administered (right The majority of permethrin, over 70%, is used in non-agricultural settings; 55% is applied by professionals, 41% is applied by homeowners on residential areas, and 4% is applied on mosquito abatement areas
Levels of PBO and detection of permethrin in the maternal personal air samples were highly associated with maternal self-reported use of spray cans and pest bombs during pregnancy
Benzyl benzoate 25% (with or without tea tree oil) Benzyl benzoate may be used as an alternative topical agent to permethrin
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Example: Paroxetine in pregnancy and heart defect—assuming a risk ratio (RR) of 1
Six volunteers ingested 0
There is less data to support the use of benzyl Permethrin is absorbed up to 2% percutaneously (Fölster-Holst 2000)
In all, 342 women were studied for permethrin exposure in personal air during pregnancy; 272 for permethrin in maternal and umbilical cord plasma; and 230 were evaluated for exposure to PBO
Pyrethroid levels were Most pregnant women will be treated topically with permethrin
The elderly, immunodeficient, and malnourished are particularly Biomonitoring studies have highlighted the exposure of pregnant women to pyrethroids based on the measurement of their metabolites in urine
Permethrins are synthetic versions that are even more toxic to insects and mammals and also last longer in the environment
Permethrin (PM) is one of the most used synthetic pyrethroid worldwide